Washington: Researchers have developed a new way to test patients for COVID-19, which inspects the body’s immune response at a molecular level, according to a new study.
Their method can potentially catch infections a matter of hours after exposure – far earlier than current COVID-19 tests can detect the virus – with near-perfect accuracy, according to the study.
Most existing COVID-19 tests “rely on the same principle, which is that you have accumulated a detectable amount of viral material, for example, in your nose,” said study lead author Frank Zhang, now an assistant professor at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles.
“That poses a challenge when it’s early in the infection time window and you haven’t accumulated a lot of viral material, or you’re asymptomatic,” said Zhang.
The new technique is instead based on how our bodies mount an immune response when invaded by SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19.
The team describes their innovation, which is still in the early stages of development, in the journal Cell Reports Methods.
When the assault starts, specific genes turn on. Segments of those genes produce mRNA molecules that guide the building of proteins.
The particular blend of those mRNA molecules changes the types of proteins produced, including proteins involved in virus-fighting functions, the study said.
The new method, the study said, can confidently identify when the body is mounting an immune response to the COVID-19 virus by measuring the relative abundance of the various mRNA molecules.
The new study is the first to use such an approach to diagnose infectious disease, it said.
The researchers tuned their method using blood samples from a 2020 study of US Marine recruits taken before and after the participants caught COVID-19. The researchers’ computational framework identified more than 1,000 disease-associated mRNA-variant ratio changes, the study said.
When put to the test using real-world blood samples, the new method yielded an impressive 98.4 percent accuracy rating, the study said.
That’s especially impressive as the approach works just as well on asymptomatic patients, for whom rapid antigen tests can be less than 60 percent accurate, the study said.
“It was really surprising that it worked so well,” said Zhang.
“It’s a promising alternative and complementary approach to conventional PCR tests,” said Zhang.
The new approach isn’t ready for prime time yet, Zhang said. He and his colleagues only tested blood samples rather than nasal samples which are more common and convenient for diagnosing COVID-19.
Also, they need to make sure they can distinguish between the body’s reaction to COVID-19 and its response to infections caused by other viruses, such as colds, the study said.
The researchers said they’re optimistic, though, as other research groups have already made progress on tests that look solely at which genes turn on.
Those same tests could easily add the mRNA analysis developed in the new study, thereby producing even better results, Zhang said.
“Anything they can do, we can probably explore and join forces on, including catching cases within hours of initial exposure,” said Zhang.
PTI
