London: Bottles of beer, wine and spirits contain potentially harmful levels of toxic elements — such as lead and cadmium — in their enameled decorations, a study has found.
Researchers at the University of Plymouth in the UK analysed both the glass and enameled decorations on a variety of clear and coloured bottles readily available in shops and supermarkets.
They found that elements like cadmium, lead and chromium were all present in the glass, but at concentrations where their environmental and health risks were deemed to be of low significance.
However, the enamels were of greater concern, with cadmium concentrations of up to 20,000 parts per million in the decorated regions on a range of spirits, beer and wine bottles, and lead concentrations up to 80,000ppm in the decor of various wine bottles. The limit for lead in consumer paints is 90ppm.
The study, published in the journal Environmental Science and Technology also showed the elements had the potential to leach from enameled glass fragments.
When subjected to a standard test that simulates rainfall in a landfill site, several fragments exceeded the US Model Toxins in Packaging Legislation and could be defined as ‘hazardous’.
“It has always been a surprise to see such high levels of toxic elements in the products we use on a daily basis. This is just another example of that, and further evidence of harmful elements being unnecessarily used where there are alternatives available. The added potential for these substances to leach into other items during the waste and recycling process is an obvious and additional cause for concern,” said Dr Andrew Turner from the University of Plymouth.
He has previously shown that the paint or enamel on a wide variety of items, including playground equipment, second hand toys and drinking glasses, can feature levels of toxic substances that are potentially harmful to human health.
For the study, bottles of beer, wine and spirits were purchased from local and national retail outlets between September 2017 and August 2018, with the sizes ranging from 50 ml to 750 ml.
They were either clear, frosted, green, ultraviolet-absorbing green (UVAG) or brown with several being enameled over part of the exterior surface with images, patterns, logos, text and/or barcodes of a single colour or multiple colours.
According to the study when glass out of 89 bottles were analysed using x-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry, 76 were positive for low levels of lead and 55 positive for cadmium.
Chromium was detected in all green and UVAG bottles, but was only in 40% of brown glass and was never in clear glass, it stated.
Meanwhile, the enamels of 12 products out of 24 enameled products tested were based wholly or partly on compounds of either or both lead and cadmium.
“Governments across the world have clear legislation in place to restrict the use of harmful substances on everyday consumer products,” Turner said.
“But when we contacted suppliers, many of them said the bottles they use are imported or manufactured in a different country than that producing the beverage. This poses obvious challenges for the glass industry and for glass recycling and is perhaps something that needs to be factored in to future legislation covering this area,” he added.
PTI
